Which term describes the authority a commander has over subordinates due to rank or assignment?

The term that best describes the authority a commander has over subordinates due to rank or assignment is "command." This concept is foundational in military settings, where a clear hierarchy is established. A command structure indicates that individuals at higher ranks possess the official authority to direct the actions and responsibilities of those below them in the chain of command.

In this context, "command" encapsulates not only the legal and formal authority vested in ranks but also the accompanying responsibility to lead and make decisions that affect the organization and its personnel. This authority is recognized and respected within the ranks, enabling effective operational execution and maintaining discipline.

Other terms like "leadership" focus more on the personal qualities and ability to inspire or influence people, which, while important, do not encapsulate the positional authority aspect. "Control" refers to the power to regulate or direct behaviors and outcomes but lacks the specific implication of rank or formal assignment. "Governance" generally pertains to broader systems of rule and management, which may not directly relate to the specific authority a military commander holds over subordinates in a direct operational context.