Which of the following is a federal financial aid program?

The Pell Grant is a federal financial aid program aimed at helping low-income students pay for college. It is provided by the federal government and is awarded based on financial need, making it a key resource for individuals who might otherwise struggle to afford higher education. The Pell Grant does not have to be repaid, which distinguishes it from loans, and it can be a significant factor in making college accessible to a broader range of students.

The other options refer to different types of financial support. Army scholarships are associated with military programs and may have specific service requirements. State tuition waivers are offered by individual states to residents or specific groups, lacking the federal support aspect. Emergency assistance grants are typically more restricted and may not necessarily be federally funded, depending on the institution. Thus, the Pell Grant stands out as the primary federal program designed to assist students financially in their educational pursuits.